EDUCATION is a conscious and planned effort undertaken to form a child's character and uphold the values of Islam in life. For that the role of family in providing education to children is very urgent done in the midst of the lives of people who are currently experiencing moral decadence.
Prof. Habib Mufti, in his article in "The Islamic Journal", started his article entitled Impact of Modern Civilization on Muslim Family, with the sentence: Above all, Islam paid prime importance to family structure as fundamental and the basic starting point for micro and macro level societal reforms. Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him initiated his grand scheme of codes of behavior in his own family and immediate neighboorhood ... ".
"Above all, Islam respects the crucial importance of the family structure as the basis and foundation for the commencement of social reform in both the micro and macro level. Prophet Muhammad SAW. started his big plan of behavioral rules within his own family and his near neighbors (the neighborhood) ... "
Islam considers that the importance of the role of the family in determining the personality of the child, as in the hadith of the Prophet. "Every child is born in a state of fitrah, so it is both his parents who make him Jewish, Christian or Major" (HR Muttafaq 'alaih)
Some scholars interpret the Fitrah in question is the potential, both the intellect ('aql), the heart (qalb) and the soul (nafs) formed through the parenting pattern of both parents as early as possible. Imam Al-Ghazali considers the most important family role in his pupil function, as a path of developing "fundamental religious instincts" at the age of infants as their fitrah. The habits of light worship such as reading prayers before and after meals, reading prayers every activity, respecting the elderly, even teaching the children thoyyibah sentence (laailaahaillallah) since the child began to learn to speak.
The family is the first and primary education place for a person, and the parents as the key. Education in the family mainly plays a role in the development of character, personality, cultural values, religious and moral values, and simple skills. Education in this context has the meaning of culture, that is the process of socialization and inculturation sustainably with the aim to bring children to become human beings who believe, pious, noble, tough, independent, creative, innovative, beretos work, loyal friends and others.
As has been described in Islamic teachings, the functions and roles of families in the education of children are as follows:
1. Providing Religious Beliefs
As the Qur'an has told of the Prophets and the sharers about the belief in God, as the Prophet Ibrahim to his son Isma'il, Lukman to his son, that teaches monotheism to the child is absolutely done by both parents, so that the child is able to believe in the existence of a God who is to be worshiped, so reluctant to do things that are forbidden by religion. Thus the role of parents is expected to be a role model in worshiping Allah Almighty.
2. Which Inculcates Moral and Cultural Values
Some of the Prophet's hadiths which explains about this are:
a. give a good name (an yuhsina ismahu)
b. provide halal food (an yuth'imahu bihalalin)
c. teach reading the Koran (an yuallimahu bibitab)
d. train the courtesy (an yua'ddabahu ta'diban hasanan)
e. love the Prophet Muhammad. (hubbun nabiyyi)
Cultural cultivation and etiquette to children has been centuries ago described in the Qur'an, such as Luqman's advice to his son not to say "ah" to both parents, to do good to both parents. In addition, the Qur'an also forbids not to mock each other, forbid not to apply arrogant, so as not to cheat and teach to help each other.
3. Who Gives the Example
In this case the parent must start all the good from self (ibda 'binafsih), in its application must be through approach, through (moral knowing), to tell the child about good, through (moral action) to tell the child how to do good, and through (moral feeling) to tell the child the benefits gained after doing good. The approach is done repeatedly and continuously so it is expected to become a habit (moral behavior) for children to always do good.
[28/12 21.51] Ajang Kasep: 4. Providing Basic Skills
Providing skills to the child, in a hadith, the Messenger of Allah. said:
"The parent's obligation to his child should include teaching writing, swimming and archery" (Imam Baihaqi)
In another hadith, coupled with teaching the riding boy. These skills became the necessities of life at that time, so the role of the family was deemed necessary to equip their children.
Not much different today, families play a role in making children capable of self-reliance (qadirun 'al kasbi), training the ability of interests and talents of children to have decent work, educating children to not depend on others, especially in terms to meet their needs daily.
5. Who Provides Protection
As set forth in the Al-Qur'an chapter of At-Tahrim verse 6 "Keep yourselves and your family from the torment of hell ...". The role of the family as a protector of children, namely:
a. protecting his intellect with the necessary science and tailored to the needs of the child
b. protecting his heart from all heart diseases, constantly reminding children to dhikr to Allah swt. wherever and whenever.
c. protecting his body from harm, including providing healthy, nutritious and halal food and beverages.
A very worrisome fact is the decreasing attention of parents to the family in education and human quality development. This is evidenced by the small efforts and studies and studies of educational experts themselves, so that we all experience the impasse of educational methodology in the family institutions, so that the role of families as a neglected education institutions and entrust human quality coaching to schools or other institutions outside the family. Whereas the fact that many of us face proof that in general quality human beings come from the family environment that provides education well.
In 1990, Muhammad Tholhah Hasan and several colleagues conducted research on "The decline in the role of the family as an educational institution". There are three key questions posed to respondents about the reasons for the declining role of the family as an educational institution, namely:
1. Is it due to lack of willingness from the parent?
2. Is it due to lack of ability to provide education to their children?
3. Is it because of the lack of opportunity (time) to provide education to their children in the midst of family life?
Apparently the answer most put forward because "no opportunity / time" to educate their children at home. For the lower level people argue that the time is up to meet the "necessities of life". The middle level says that the time is up to meet social activities and get a better "life pleasure". While at the top says that the time is up to pursue the ambition, career and material satisfaction as much as possible, which is seen as a "life achievement". But whatever the reason, in fact the same result, namely the retreat of the role of the family in providing direct education to their children and families as education institutions have dysfunction (can not play).
To that end, in today's era of globalization where technology can not be separated from daily activities that can affect the child's behavior toward negative, especially the influence of peers, community environment, television spectacle that does not educate, and other public diseases, make the role of parents should be more extra in providing education to the child to the creation of a prosperous family and civil society, capable of generating Islamic generations of knowledgeable and faithful and noble morals.
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